Asking if someone remembers or not

Asking if someone remembers or not

Formal expressions:
 I wonder if you remember.....
 You remember...., don’t you?
 You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
 Don’t you remember.....?
 Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:
 Let me think, yes, I remember.
 I remember especially the scenery.
 I’ll never forget that
 I’ll always remember.
 I can remember it clearly.

Informal expressions:
 Remember the old house we used to live in?
 Remember that?
 I’m sorry I don’t remember.

Ways to respond:
 Hold on. Yes, got it!
 I know.....
 It’s coming back to me now.

Respond if you forget:
 Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
 I’m affraid I forget.
 I really can’t remember.
 I’m afraid I have no memory of him
 Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
 Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Example..
It was Sunday morning, wati got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.
Mother : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Wati : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Mother : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Wati : Oh, my goodnes. I thought it’s a school day !

Prepositions of Time: at, in, on

Prepositions of Time: at, in, on
We use:
• at for a PRECISE TIME
• in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
• on for DAYS and DATES
at in on
PRECISE TIME MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS DAYS and DATES
at 3 o'clock in May on Sunday
at 10.30am in summer on Tuesdays
at noon in the summer on 6 March
at dinnertime in 1990 on 25 Dec. 2010
at bedtime in the 1990s on Christmas Day
at sunrise in the next century on Independence Day
at sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday
at the moment in the past/future on New Year's Eve

Look at these examples:

• I have a meeting at 9am.
• The shop closes at midnight.
• Jane went home at lunchtime.
• In England, it often snows in December.
• Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
• There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
• Do you work on Mondays?
• Her birthday is on 20 November.
• Where will you be on New Year's Day?
Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:


Expression Example
at night The stars shine at night.
at the weekend I don't usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time We finished the test at the same time.
at present He's not home at present. Try later.

Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:


in on
in the morning on Tuesday morning
in the mornings on Saturday mornings
in the afternoon(s) on Sunday afternoons
in the evening(s) on Monday evening

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.

• I went to London last June. (not in last June)
• He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
• I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
• We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

Introductory it

Introductory it

When the subjective is an infinitive phrase
We begin a sentence with it when the real subject is an infinitive phrase. So instead of saying, ‘To accept your advice is difficult’, we say, ‘It is difficult to accept your advice’.

Structure: It + verb + subject complement + infinitive phrase (real subject)
- It is easy to learn English. (= To learn English is easy.)
- It is easy to find fault with others. (= To find fault with others is easy.)
- It is difficult to know his motive. (= To know his motive is difficult.)
- It is difficult to find a good job during these troubled times.
- It is dangerous to play with fire.
- It could be dangerous to drive so fast.


Note that when we wish to emphasize the infinitive phrase, it may be put at the beginning, especially when it is short.

- To err is human. (OR It is human to err.)
- To become a well known writer was his life-long ambition. (OR It was his lifelong ambition to become a well known writer.)
- To invest all your money in shares is foolish. (OR It is foolish to invest all your money in shares.)


When the subject is a gerund phrase

When the real subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. So instead of saying ‘Your trying to fool us is no good’, we say, ‘It is no good your trying to fool us.’
- It won’t be any good complaining to the manager. (Complaining to the anager won’t be any good.)
- It is silly throwing away this opportunity. (Throwing away this opportunity is silly.)
- Will it be any good my talking to him about it? (Will my talking to him about it be any good)
- It is no fun having so many children to look after. (Having so many children to look after is no fun.)
Note that it is possible to change the gerund into an infinitive.
- It won’t be any good for me to complain to the manager.
- It is silly (for you) to throw away this opportunity.
- Will it be any good for me to talk to him about it?

invitation

invitation

To invite someone

* I would like you to …

* We would be pleased if you could …

* Would you like to …?

* Shall we …?

* How about …?



To accept an invitation

* Thank you. Yes, I would like to …

* Yes, I would. Thanks.

* That would be very nice. Thank you.

* All right!

* O.K.!



To refuse/decline an invitation

* I would love to, but …

* That’s nice/great. Unfortunately/However …

* That’s very kind of you, but …

* Sorry, that wouldn’t be possible. Thanks anyway.

Asking if someone remembers or not

Formal expressions:
Ø I wonder if you remember.....
Ø You remember...., don’t you?
Ø You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
Ø Don’t you remember.....?
Ø Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:
Ø Let me think, yes, I remember.
Ø I remember especially the scenery.
Ø I’ll never forget that
Ø I’ll always remember.
Ø I can remember it clearly.

Informal expressions:
Ø Remember the old house we used to live in?
Ø Remember that?
Ø I’m sorry I don’t remember.

Ways to respond:
Ø Hold on. Yes, got it!
Ø I know.....
Ø It’s coming back to me now.

Respond if you forget:
Ø Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
Ø I’m affraid I forget.
Ø I really can’t remember.
Ø I’m afraid I have no memory of him
Ø Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
Ø Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Example..
It was Sunday morning, wati got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.
Mother : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Wati : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Mother : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Wati : Oh, my goodnes. I thought it’s a school day !

Simple Future

Simple Future

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.


FORM Will

[will + verb]

Examples:
You will help him later.
Will you help him later?
You will not help him later.
FORM Be Going To

[am/is/are + going to + verb]

Examples:
You are going to meet Jane tonight.
Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

Complete List of Simple Future Forms
USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.

Examples:
I will send you the information when I get it.
I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
Will you help me move this heavy table?
Will you make dinner?
I will not do your homework for you.
I won't do all the housework myself!
A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.
USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise

"Will" is usually used in promises.

Examples:
I will call you when I arrive.
If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
Don't worry, I'll be careful.
I won't tell anyone your secret.
USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan

"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.

Examples:
He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
Who are you going to invite to the party?
A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.
USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction

Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.

Examples:
The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
John Smith will be the next President.
John Smith is going to be the next President.
The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.
IMPORTANT

In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.
No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is used.

Examples:
When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:
You will never help him.
Will you ever help him?
You are never going to meet Jane.
Are you ever going to meet Jane?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:
John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active
The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive
Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active
A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive

Asking for information

Asking for information

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:
• Could you tell me...?
• Do you know...?
• Do you happen to know...?
• I'd like to know...
• Could you find out...?
• I'm interested in...
• I'm looking for..
These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
• I'm calling to find out...
• I'm calling about...

offering

offering

The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.

Woni : Would you like a cup of tea, Mr,gema?
Mr. Gema : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this tea tastes good....and smells fragrant too.......
Woni : thank you. I’m glad you like it.

Ways to say it
• Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr Green?
• Should I get you a bottle of water?
• Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. kiki?
• Would you care some salad?
Ofering to friends:
• Want some?
• Have some?
• Chocolate?
• Grab some for yourself
Less formal expressions:
• Would you like to have a pancake?
• Why don't you have some lemonade?
• What can I get for you?
• What will you have?
Declining an offering
• No, thanks.
• No, really won't, thanks
• Not for me, thanks.
Accepting an offering:
• Thank you.
• Yes, please
• I'd like it very much
• That would be very nice

Finite verb

Finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs.

Finite verb can form “Independent clause” which can stand by their own as complete sentences. An independent clause as a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentences.

In English, only verbs in certain mood are finite. These include :

1. Indicative mood : expressing a state of affairs.

In indicative mood, finite verbs must use verbs.

Example :

§ Ani is going to visit her mother in hospital.

§ He has waited his father since morning.

§ The bulldozer demolished the restaurant.

2. Imperative mood : giving a command.

Dalam imperative mood, finite verbs tidak memerlukan subjek karena tanpa memakai subjek pun kalimatnya sudah jelas.

Example :

§ Positive command : “Help me, please!”

§ Negative verb : “Don’t do that!”

noun phrase

Noun is word to point/signed at the thing. For example : the tall, my brother, loneliness, etc. Phrase is a group of words. So, Noun phrases is a group of word that to point/signed at the thing.

Noun phrase consist of a pronoun or noun with only associated noun phrases can act as a subject, object, complement object of preposition, and object of verb.


The function of Noun phrase :

* Subject

Example :

The children play on the forest.

* Object

Example :

My mother buys a basket of vegetables.

* Complement

Example :

Bogor is a rainy location.

The basic structure of Noun phrase :

Phrase consist minimally of a head this means, in one word phrase like “boy”, the head is “boy” in langer phrase a string of elements my appear before the head.

Example : The naughty boy.

Modals in the Past Form

Modals in the Past Form
Modals in the past are :
 Could.
 Might.
 Would.
 Should.
The formula of Modals in the past form :
1. COULD + VERB BASE.
 To offer Suggestion or Possibilities.
Example :
Cika : “I’m having trouble with math.”
Riko : “Why you don’t ask Kiki? Perhaps she could help you.”
 To indicate that ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.
Example :
Santi : “Nik, can you climb the mango tree?”
Niko : “Well, I could climb the mango tree when I was so young, but I think I’m too heavy to climb it.”
2. WOULD + VERB BASE.
 For an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
Example :
Ani : “What did you do on holidays?”
Risma : “I would visit my grandparents and my other family in the village, but how not anymore.”
 Insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences.
Example :
Jerry : “What would you rather do in weekend, go to the party or stay at home?”
Lita : “I would rather stay at home than go to the party.”
 To express polite request.
Example :
Mr. Willy : “Would you mind posting the letter?”
Reva : “No, not at all.”
3. SHOULD + VERB BASE.
 To give definite advice.
Example :
Mother : “Neva, you should study tonight. You will have math test tomorrow, won’t you?”
Neva : “I will, Mom.
4. MIGHT + VERB BASE.
 To tell possibilities
Example :
Dina : “Why is Riko taking the bus to get home?”
Rita : “He might get a flat time.”
 To express polite request.
Example :
Dimas : “Might I borrow your book?”
Vera : “Yes, of course.”

Surprises and Disbeliefs

Surprises and Disbeliefs
Surprises and Disbeliefs is expression that used to expressomething that we can’t believe or impossible.

Kind of Surprises and Disbeliefs expression are :
o What a surprises?
o That’s very surpising!
o Really?
o Oh, no…………..
o Are you serious?
o What?
o That’s unbelieveble!
o Fancy that!
o You’re kidding!
o I find that hard to believe.

Surprising amazement of something :
o Fantastic!
o How marvelous/beautiful!
o It’s very interesting!
o It’s great!
o It’s terrific!
o Wow, that’s amazing!
o Wonderful!
o What a nice……
o What a lovely flower!
o Hey, that’s really terrific!

Narrative Text

Narrative Text
Narrative text is a kind of text to retell the story that past tense. The purpose of the text is to entertain or to amuse the readers or listeners about the story.
The generic structure of Narrative text :
1. Orientation :
It set the scene and introduce the participants (it answers the question : who, when, what, and where).
2. Complication :
Tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve them.
3. Resolution :
The crisis is revolved, for better or worse.
4. Re-orientation :
The ending of the story.
5. Evaluation :
The stepping back to evaluate the story or the moral message of the story
Linguistic features :
1. Use active verbs.
2. Use past tense.
3. Use conjunction.
4. The first person (I or We) or the third person (He, She, or They).
5. Use specific nouns.
6. Use adjective and adverbs
Kind of Narrative text :
1. Legend : Sangkuriang, Malin Kundang, etc.
2. Fable : Mousedeer and crocodile.
3. Fairy tale : Cinderella, Snow white, Pinocchio, etc.
4. Science fiction
Example of Narrative text :
Sleeping Beauty
Long ago there lived a King and Queen who said every day, "If only we had a child!" But for a long time they had none.
One day, as the Queen was bathing in a spring and dreaming of a child, a frog crept out of the water and said to her, "Your wish shall be fulfilled. Before a year has passed you shall bring a daughter into the world."
And since frogs are such magical creatures, it was no surprise that before a year had passed the Queen had a baby girl. The child was so beautiful and sweet that the King could not contain himself for joy. He prepared a great feast and invited all his friends, family and neighbours. He invited the fairies, too, in order that they might be kind and good to the child. There were thirteen of them in his kingdom, but as the King only had twelve golden plates for them to eat from, one of the fairies had to be left out. None of the guests was saddened by this as the thirteenth fairy was known to be cruel and spiteful.
An amazing feast was held and when it came to an end, each of the fairies presented the child with a magic gift. One fairy gave her virtue, another beauty, a third riches and so on -- with everything in the world that anyone could wish for.
After eleven of the fairies had presented their gifts, the thirteenth suddenly appeared. She was angry and wanted to show her spite for not having been invited to the feast. Without hesitation she called out in a loud voice,
"When she is fifteen years old, the Princess shall prick herself with a spindle and shall fall down dead!"
Then without another word, she turned and left the hall.
The guests were horrified and the Queen fell to the floor sobbing, but the twelfth fairy, whose wish was still not spoken, quietly stepped forward. Her magic could not remove the curse, but she could soften it so she said,
"Nay, your daughter shall not die, but instead shall fall into a deep sleep that will last one hundred years."
Over the years, the promises of the fairies came true -- one by one. The Princess grew to be beautiful, modest, kind and clever. Everyone who saw her could not help but love her.
The King and Queen were determined to prevent the curse placed on the Princess by the spiteful fairy and sent out a command that all the spindles in the whole kingdom should be destroyed. No one in the kingdom was allowed to tell the Princess of the curse that had been placed upon her for they did not want her to worry or be sad.
On the morning of her fifteenth birthday, the Princess awoke early -- excited to be another year older. She was up so early in the morning, that she realized everyone else still slept. The Princess roamed through the halls trying to keep herself occupied until the rest of the castle awoke. She wandered about the whole place, looking at rooms and halls as she pleased and at last she came to an old tower. She climbed the narrow, winding staircase and reached a little door. A rusty key was sticking in the lock and when she turned it, the door flew open.
In a little room sat an old woman with a spindle, busily spinning her flax. The old woman was so deaf that she had never heard the King's command that all spindles should be destroyed.
“Good morning, Granny," said the Princess, "what are you doing?"
"I am spinning," said the old woman.
"What is the thing that whirls round so merrily?" asked the Princess and she took the spindle and tried to spin too.
But she had scarcely touched the spindle when it pricked her finger. At that moment she fell upon the bed which was standing near and lay still in a deep sleep.
The King, Queen and servants had all started their morning routines and right in the midst of them fell asleep too. The horses fell asleep in the stable, the dogs in the yard, the doves on the roof and the flies on the wall. Even the fire in the hearth grew still and went to sleep. The kitchen maid, who sat with a chicken before her, ready to pluck its feathers, fell asleep. The cook was in the midst of scolding the kitchen boy for a mess he'd made but they both fell fast asleep. The wind died down and on the trees in front of the castle not a leaf stirred.
Round the castle a hedge of brier roses began to grow up. Every year it grew higher until at last nothing could be seen of the sleeping castle.
There was a legend in the land about the lovely Sleeping Beauty, as the King's daughter was called, and from time to time Princes came and tried to force their way through the hedge and into the castle. But they found it impossible for the thorns, as though they were alive, grabbed at them and would not let them through.
After many years a Prince came again to the country and heard an old man tell the tale of the castle which stood behind the brier hedge and the beautiful Princess who had slept within for a hundred years. He heard also that many Princes had tried to make it through the brier hedge but none had succeeded and many had been caught in it and died.
The the young Prince said, "I am not afraid. I must go and see this Sleeping Beauty."
The good old man did all in his power to persuade him not to go, but the Prince would not listen.
Now the hundred years were just ended. When the Prince approached the brier hedge it was covered with beautiful large roses. The shrubs made way for him of their own accord and let him pass unharmed.
In the courtyard, the Prince saw the horses and dogs lying asleep. On the roof sat the sleeping doves with their heads tucked under their wings. When he went into the house, the flies were asleep on the walls and the servants asleep in the halls. Near the throne lay the King and Queen, sleeping peacefully beside each other. In the kitchen the cook, the kitchen boy and the kitchen maid all slept with their heads resting on the table.
The Prince went on farther. All was so still that he could hear his own breathing. At last he reached the tower and opened the door into the little room where the Princess was asleep. There she lay, looking so beautiful that he could not take his eyes off her. He bent down and gave her a kiss. As he touched her, Sleeping Beauty opened her eyes and smiled up at him.
Throughout the castle, everyone and everything woke up and looked at each other with astonished eyes. Within the month, the Prince and Sleeping Beauty were married and lived happily all their lives.

Passive Voice

Passive Voice
Passive voice is a grammatical voice in which the subject receives the action of a transitive verb, and passive refers more generally to verbs using this construction and the passages in which they are used.
The Generic Structure/Formula :
• Active : S + Vactive + O
• Passive : O + to be + V3 + by + S
Passive Voice in Tenses :
1. Simple Present Tense
•Active : V1(es/s)
•Passive : To be(is, am, are) + V3
2. Past tense
•Active : V2(ed)
•Passive : To be(was, were) + V3
3. Past Continous Tense
•Active : To be(is, am, are) + Ving
To be(was, were) + Ving
•Passive : To be(is, am, are) + Being V3
To be(was, were) + Being V3
4. Present Perfect Continous Tense
•Active : been + Ving
•Passive : been + being V3
5. Future Tense
•Active : Be + Ving
•Passive : Be + being V3
Examples of Passive Voice
Tense Subject Verb Object
Simple Present Active: Rita writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by Rita.
Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by Rita.
Present Perfect Active: Rita has written a letter.
Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.
Future I Active: Rita will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.
Hilfsverben Active: Rita can write a letter.
Passive: A letter can be written by Rita.
Examples of Passive Voice
Tense Subject Verb Object
Present Progressive Active: Rita is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.
Past Progressive Active: Rita was writing a letter.
Passive: A letter was being written by Rita.
Past Perfect Active: Rita had written a letter.
Passive: A letter had been written by Rita.
Future II Active: Rita will have written a letter.
Passive: A letter will have been written by Rita.
Conditional I Active: Rita would write a letter.
Passive: A letter would be written by Rita.
Conditional II Active: Rita would have written a letter.
Passive: A letter would have been written

Direct speech and Indirect speech

Direct speech and Indirect speech
Direct speech : refers to reproducing another persons excact word. We use quotation marks (" ")
Example of Direct Speech :
1. Jani said, “I’m very busy .”
2. They said, “We have bought a picture.”
3. He said, “I am learning my lesson.”
4. Lisa says, “I got the first prize.”
5. You said, “I will come to help him.”
6. Oskar will say, “I will do my best.”
Indirect speech : refers to reproducing the idea of another persons
word.
There are 3 kinds of indirect speech :
1. Imperrative (command/request)
2. interrogative (question)
3. Declarative (statement)

Example :
1. Imperrative (command / request)
Direct : Mrs. Rika said to Dina, "Don't wory about it."
Indirect : Mrs. Rika told Dina not to wory about it.

2. Interrogative (question)
Direct : Risa asked to Nico, "Are you a journalist?"
Indirect : Risa asked if / whether He was journalist.

3. Declarative (statement)
Direct : Mr. Dion said, "I worked hard yesterday."
Indirect : Mr. Dion said that he worked hard the day before.

In comand sentences, direct speech can changed to indirect speech with change "Said" to be "Ordered", "Told", and "Forbade".

Example :
1. Direct : Hamid said, "Open the door!"
Indirect : Hamid ordered to open the door.

2. Direct : Hamid said, "Dul, come here!"
Indirect : Hamid told Dul to come there.

3. Direct : Hamid said to Andi, "Do not disturb me!"
Indirect : Hamid forbade Andi to disturb him.
Time change
Expressions of time if reported on a different day
This (evening) › That (evening)
Today › Yesterday
These (days) › Those (days)
Now › Then
(a week) ago › (a week) before
Last weekend › The weekend before last / the previous weekend
Here › There
Next (week) › The following (week)
Tomorrow › The next/following day
Tense change
Direct speech Indirect speech
Present simple
She said, "It's cold." › Past simple
She said it was cold.
Present continuous
She said, "I'm teaching English online." › Past continuous
She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple
She said, "I've been on the web since 1999." › Past perfect simple
She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous
She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years." › Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple
She said, "I taught online yesterday." › Past perfect
She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous
She said, "I was teaching earlier." › Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect
She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived." › Past perfect
She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous
She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes." › Past perfect continuous
She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

Gratitude, Compliment, and Congratulation

Gratitude, Compliment, and Congratulation
Gratitude is expression that used to said thank you to other people.

Kind of gratitude expression are :
 Thank you very much.
 Thanks.
 I’m grateful to…….
 I want to thank.
 I want to express my gratitude to……..
 I keep forgetting to thank you for…….

Respon of expressing :
 You are welcome.
 Don’t mention it.
 Not at all
 It was nothing at all.
 No problem
 Glad to be of help.
 (it was) my pleasure.
 I’m glad I could help.
 I’m glad I could do it.
 I’m glad I could be of help.

Compliment is expression that used to give praising to other people. Some people use compliment to better up someday or to flatter in order to increase good will.

Expressing :
 What a nice dress.
 You look great.
 You look very nice.
 I really must express my admiration for you………
 Good grades.
 Excellent.
 Nice work.

Time to express compliment :
 On his/her general appearance.
 If you notice something new about the person’s appearance.
 When you visit someone’s hous for the first time.
 When other people do their best.
Congratulation is expression that used to said congratulate to someone when get a success.
Expressing :
• Let me congratulate you.
• Congratulations on you successful business.
• My congratulations on your success.
• Congratulations on your promotion.
• Good!
• Tha’s great!
• Isn’t that wonderful!
• How fortunate.
• Splendid!
• Pretty good!

Responding :
• Thank you.
• Thanks, I needed that.
• That’s very kind of you.
• It’s very kind of you to say that.
• Do you really think so?
• You’ve made my day!
• The same to you.
• I’m glad you like it.
• Thank you. It’s nice of you to say so.

news item

News Item
News item text is a factual text which inform reader or daily newspaper about events of the day which are regarder as newsworth or important.
The generic structure of News item :
Headline.
Correspondence.
Newsworthy events :
Recounts the event in summary form.
Background events :
Elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.
Sources :
Comments by participants in, witness to and authorities expert on the event.
Linguistic features :
o Action verbs.
o Verbal verbs.
o Mental verbs.
o Temporal circumstances.
o Spatial circumstances.
o Specific participants.
Example of News item :

Shark Savages Creek Swimmer
By John Orr and AAP


A Gold Coast man was recovering in hospital last night after a shark bit him in his buttocks and right leg when he went for a moonlit swim in a canal.
Mr. Craig Coleman, 26 needed about 200 stitches and is awaiting plastic surgery.
He went for a swim in little Tallebudgera Creek and adjoining canals to “cool off” late on Saturday night.
He “dog-paddled” halfway accros the stream and while having a breather, a shark, estimated, to be 1.8m long, “took a liking to him”.
“I never got a look at him-who would have thought there would be sharks in the river,” Mr. Coleman said yesterday.
He was the second person to be attacked by a shark in the Mermaid Waters canal in the past 12 months.
A 10 years-old boy was attacked late last year only metres from where Mr. Coleman was bitten.
Mr. Coleman said he was unaware of previous shark attacks in Gold Coast waterways as he had recently moved there from Sydney.

descriptive text

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT Descriptive text is a text that draw or teil about something detail. The purpose of descriptive text to describe spesific thing or an object.

Generic structure :
Identification : Identify phenomenon to be describe
Description : Description in detail
Example :

Cat

Cat is one of the famous pet that so many people like it.
Cat has a tail. From its mouth it makes a sound of " miau ". Cat is cute. It has soft fur. It also has four legs and four sharp claws. Cat likes mouse. Cat lives at home with people who keep it has their pet

Note : Red : Identification
Blue : Description Advertisement is information for persuad and motivate a people so that it will anracted. Them to the service and things that are affered.

Function advertisement are :
- Promotion
- Communication
- Information

In making advertisement, keep the following points :
1. Language of advertisement
Using the correct or suitable world
Using the interesting expression and suggestive
Using positive cannotations
Text of advertisement snold directly to the go
2. Advertisement content
Objective and hanest
Brief and clear
Don't to allude group and to other producer
Attractive attention